Part of the debate – in the House of Commons am 12:00 am ar 20 Rhagfyr 1973.
Mr Neil Kinnock
, Bedwellty
12:00,
20 Rhagfyr 1973
Will the Prime Minister try to direct his back benchers to stop seeing "reds under the Ted" in the present crisis? Does he agree that, unlike the Tory Government of a previous generation, patriotism has become the first refuge of a scoundrel, and will he stop perverting love of country for his own peculiar short-term aims by trying to bring public criticism down upon the heads of miners and other industrial workers in strife, who are good servants of this country?
The political party system in the English-speaking world evolved in the 17th century, during the fight over the ascension of James the Second to the Throne. James was a Catholic and a Stuart. Those who argued for Parliamentary supremacy were called Whigs, after a Scottish word whiggamore, meaning "horse-driver," applied to Protestant rebels. It was meant as an insult.
They were opposed by Tories, from the Irish word toraidhe (literally, "pursuer," but commonly applied to highwaymen and cow thieves). It was used — obviously derisively — to refer to those who supported the Crown.
By the mid 1700s, the words Tory and Whig were commonly used to describe two political groupings. Tories supported the Church of England, the Crown, and the country gentry, while Whigs supported the rights of religious dissent and the rising industrial bourgeoisie. In the 19th century, Whigs became Liberals; Tories became Conservatives.
